Folate (FOL) in Human Serum with Roche e801
Detection of Folate (FOL) in Human Serum with Roche e801
| Test Name: | Immunoassay for the in vitro quantitative determination of folate in human serum. |
| Method Name: | In the Elecsys FOL assay, a folate specific antibody labeled with a ruthenium complex is used to determine the folate concentration. |
| Results: | Technical Range: 2-20 ng/mL Reportable Range: 2.24-16.7 ng/mL |
| Reference Ranges: | ≥4.0 ng/mL |
| Clinical Significance: | Folic acid measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of anemia.
Folate belongs to the family of B group vitamins composed of an aromatic pteridine ring linked through a methylene group to p-aminobenzoic acid and a glutamate residue. Folate (folic acid) is vital for normal cellular functions and plays an essential role in nucleic acid synthesis, methionine regeneration, shuttling and redox reactions of one carbon units required for normal metabolism and regulation. The folate metabolism can be exemplified as a cycle, where folate facilitates the transfer of one carbon units from one molecule to another required in various biochemical reactions: for example, tetrahydrofolate (THF) accepts a single carbon unit from serine, which is reduced in a number of steps to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5 MTHF). MTHF gives its methyl group to homocysteine, which is – with involvement of methionine synthase and vitamin B12 – enzymatically converted to methionine. The resulting THF starts again the cycle of methyl group synthesis. From methionine, the methyl groups are transferred to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). SAM serves as a methyl group donor in several methylation reactions, like DNA, RNA and protein methylation. The methionine cycle is highly sensitive to folate deficiency: with a low folate status, the ability of the cell to re-methylate homocysteine is impaired and this results in increased homocysteine concentrations in plasma. Folate also plays an essential role in the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine precursors of nucleic acids. Altered distribution of methyl groups and impaired DNA synthesis play an essential role in the development of cancers. Abnormal folate status has also been linked with cardiovascular diseases, neural tube defects, cleft lip and palate, late pregnancy complications, neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Folate belongs to the group of essential vitamins, i.e. it cannot be synthesized by the human organism and therefore must be absorbed from diet. Primary sources of folates are green and leafy vegetables, sprouts, fruits, brewer’s yeast and liver. Folate deficiency can be caused by decreased nutritional intake, poor absorption of ingested folate in the intestine or increased demand of folate, for example during physical activity or pregnancy. Deficiency of folate can also be a result of liver diseases or impaired folate metabolism due to genetic defects or drug interactions. A clinical manifestation of both folate and vitamin B12 deficiency is the so called megaloblastic (macrocytic) anemia: due to the affected DNA synthesis and cell maturation, especially involving the cells of erythropoiesis, the total count of erythrocytes is significantly reduced. The hemoglobin synthesis capacity however is normal, which leads to abnormally large erythrocyte precursors (“macrocytes” or “megaloblasts”), which have an elevated hemoglobin content (“hyperchromic anemia”). Because vitamin B12 and folate are closely interrelated in the cellular one carbon unit metabolism, and also hematologic and clinical consequences of the two vitamin deficiency states might be similar, it is advisable to determine both parameters simultaneously in patients with the relevant symptoms of vitamin deficiency. |
| Submission Criteria: | For specimen collection and preparation, only use suitable tubes or collection containers. Only the specimens listed below were tested and found acceptable. Serum Plasma: Li-heparin and K2-EDTA plasma Do not use fluoride plasma The sample types listed were tested with a selection of sample collection tubes that were commercially available at the time of testing, therefore not all available tubes of all manufacturers were tested. Sample collection systems from various manufacturers may contain differing materials which could affect the test results in some cases. When processing samples in primary tubes (sample collection systems), follow the instructions of the tube manufacturer. |
| Rejection Criteria: | Rejection criteria include but are not limited to: 1. Specimens containing fibrin or clots. 2. Excessive platelet clumping 3. Leaking specimens 4. Substandard mixing or collection 5. Expired or improperly stored collection tubes. 6. Improperly filled tubes based on collection tube manufacturer’s guidelines. 7. Contaminated specimens (IV fluid, foreign particles, etc.) 8. Specimens not analyzed within the appropriate time frame. 9. Samples not shipped at appropriate temperature. 10. Samples without 2 proper identifiers or samples having identifiers that do not match the electronic or paper lab requisition. |
| Authorization: | Diagnostic testing can only be performed with approval from an authorized provider/agency. |
| Turn Around Time: | 1 day. |
